![]() A Total War Saga: Troy-Mythos, developed by Creative Assembly and published by Sega, is a massive expansion to last years A Total War Saga: Troy. One of the more notable changes being made is that battles will be fought between generals and their bodyguards as opposed to all-powerful singular units. A Total War Saga: Troy Mythos Expansion brings the epic battles and tactical depth of Total War: Warhammer to the sun soaked shores of the Aegean Sea. This new mode is the Historical mode and it offers “refreshing gameplay that overhauls TROY’s features.” It will allow players to experience the Aegean conflict from a more realistic and “history-first” perspective. It supposedly “dramatically changes the gameplay experience” of the base game. We’ve also added tips about the Lernaean Hydra’s skills. Free Content Coming To A Total War Saga: TROYĪlongside the Mythos expansion a brand new game mode will be made available to all owners of A Total War Saga: TROYfor free. Here’s our Total War Saga: Troy Mythos guide to help you start an expedition to encounter, battle, and recruit the Lernaean Hydra. Achilles was taught by a centaur, Odysseus fought a cyclops and other fantastical monsters etc etc. It encompasses more, and uses more sources than just the Iliad (see Penthisilea). Spells and regenerative magic will be added as “supercharged battle abilities” for these units. The Trojan War may not have, but this is Total War Troy, not Total War Iliad, or Trojan War. Existing units such as the Centaur, Giants and Minotaur (that currently appear as a more realistic version of themselves) will be redesigned to appear more like their mythological counterparts. These include the legendary Arimaspoi and Shades from the underworld. Part 28 of A Total War Saga: Troy Ajax campaign playthroughNo CommentaryA Total War Saga: TROYFaction: SalamisCampaign: Truth Behind the MythDifficulty: Norm. Additionally, there will be multiple new units added to the game. A Total War Saga: Troy is getting a new expansion called Mythos in September, which brings a mythological refresh to the stubbornly strategy title. It will feature all-new gameplay options and new ways to “entice the gods and enact their divine will”. On top of that those who get the Mythos expansion pack will have access to a mythological inspired campaign map. A Total War Saga: Troy is the first in the award-winning strategy series to focus on the Bronze-Age Mediterranean and the legendary twenty-year conflict. These include Cerberus, the mighty Griffin and the nine-headed Hydra. Players will be able to set out on one of three new expeditions to track, fight and tame legendary beasts. The new Mythos content pack will finally allow players to experience the Trojan War “in all its mythological glory” according to Creative Assembly. However, one aspect of the game that a few people had issues with was the lack of mythological aspects, despite the game’s setting. Upon release it received decent reviews, scoring a 4 out of 5 from Eurogamer and 75% on Metacritic. What Is The Mythos Expansion?Ī Total War Saga: TROY released back in August of 2020 as an Epic Games Store exclusive. The Total War spin-off title, A Total War Saga: TROY, is receiving a brand new expansion called Mythos and is coming to Steam this September.
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Through-bottom cord escapes allow for flexible placement within a room. Sleek design louvered doors to allow remotes to control devices inside.Ĭonsole 35 has one adjustable shelf and cord escape in the bottom panel.Ĭonsoles 55 and 70 have one adjustable shelf, one drawer, and two cord escapes. All cords route through the bottom panel, leaving the back unblemished by cord escape holes, and allowing the Line Media Console to be placed anywhere in a room it doesn’t have to be pushed against a wall. The problem shows up when the writer thread print something while user is typing an input. One of the threads is reading input from the user while other prints to the console some data. The two larger units – Console 55 and Console 70 – have two doors, one adjustable shelf, one drawer, and two cord escapes. I have a multi thread java console application. It comes under the Console class (System Namespace). Line Media Console 35 has one door, one adjustable shelf, and one cord escape. This method is used to read the next line of characters from the standard input stream. “My work is a reflection of my yearning for nature in this concrete jungle,” he says. In addition to allowing quick and easy evaluation of Julia statements, it has a searchable history, tab-completion, many helpful keybindings, and dedicated help and shell modes. Working from his studio in Singapore, designer Nathan Yong designs thoughtful pieces that resonate with a quiet elegance, for which he credits the congestion of city living. Many features are available in C: Console.WriteLine renders a line of text. The Julia REPL Julia comes with a full-featured interactive command-line REPL (read-eval-print loop) built into the julia executable. Support Bluetooth Wireless Gamepad For PS3 Console For USB PC For Sony. ![]() Its roomy, well-organized interior brings order to electronics, routers, albums, books and anything else that needs a home. As you can see from the example, the router has one console line (labeled CTY), one AUX port (labeled AUX), five VTY lines, and 32 TTY lines. J-line Nordic owl furnishings home decoration creative interior living room wine. On the Line Media Console (2010), this eye-catching louvered design also serves a purpose, allowing remotes to control devices inside. It's distinguished by its strong horizontal lines that reflect natural landscapes and lend a sense of restfulness and calm. If you print only 'r' to the console the cursor goes back to the beginning of the current line and then you can rewrite it. ![]() A customer favorite since its debut, the Line Collection features geometric frames made out of precisely crafted oak or walnut. J-Line Furniture online by Jolipa Home Interior, a family business since 1978 with tradition from Belgium with successful own. ![]() The primate T-lymphotropic viruses ( PTLVs) are a group of retroviruses that infect primates, using their lymphocytes to reproduce. Simian T-lymphotropic virus 5 (unrecognized). ![]() Human T-lymphotropic virus 4 (unrecognized).Otherwise, mosquito numbers (or other vectors with a short lifespan) quickly bounce back.Informal grouping of virus species Primate T-lymphotropic virusĪ micrograph showing both Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and HIV Unfortunately, these interventions need to be sustained. DDT in the past and more recently pesticide-coated bed nets have been proven to work very effectively. That often means trying to kill as many vectors as possible. Namely, we can try to control the ID at the vector stage. With vector-borne ID, there is a unique opportunity for interventions that do not exist for directly transmitted diseases. As such, in regions that have strong differences in rainfall between seasons, one often observes annual cycles based on annual weather patterns.ĩ.4 Vector-borne Transmission and Interventions For instance, the reproductive cycle of mosquitos strongly depends on the weather, and specifically the availability or lack of water. Nevertheless, patterns in ID dynamics are often observed for vector-borne diseases and are at least partially understood. This obviously adds a lot of complexity to the model. This general concept still holds, but there are now two species (e.g., humans and mosquitos), both have distinct and intrinsic dynamics and responding differently to external factors. In a previous chapter, we discussed cycles that could be caused by the intrinsic transmission dynamics or influenced by external drivers (e.g., seasonal changes in weather). Understanding what mechanisms lead to potentially observed patterns in incidence and prevalence for vector-borne diseases is difficult, due to the presence of more than one host. 24 Appendix D - A very brief introduction to data fittingĩ.3 Vector-borne Transmission and ID Patterns.23 Appendix C - The different uses of Infectious Disease models.22 Appendix B - How to build or use the right model.21 Appendix A - A brief description of modeling software.19.11 ID Transmission on Dynamic Networks.19.10 Modeling ID Transmission on Networks.17.4 Ecological drivers of evolution and emergence.14.6 Modeling Stochasticity and Extinction.11.4.4 Special Interventions for Non-human Hosts.11.4.3 Non-pharmaceutical Interventions.11.4.2 Pharmaceutical Interventions (Drugs).11.4 Types of Infectious Disease Control.10.6 Heterogeneity and The Reproductive Number.10.5 Heterogeneity in Transmission: Superspreaders.10.4 Heterogeneity in Transmission: Core Groups.9.4 Vector-borne Transmission and Interventions.9.3 Vector-borne Transmission and ID Patterns.8.6.1 Basic Science Example: Environmental Transmission for Cholera.8.5 Environmental Transmission and Interventions.8.4 Environmental Transmission and External Drivers. ![]()
![]() ![]() By copying Premiere into this folder, you have made it possible for your user to modify the application files. To fix this problem, copy the entire “Adobe Premiere Pro CC 2017” folder from /Applications to /Users//Applications then attempt this step again with the copy of Premiere. This is because Premiere is installed in the systemwide applications folder by default. If you are not an administrator on your computer, a popup will appear asking you to enter an administrator’s username and password when you attempt to paste your LUTs into the folder. Open or restart Premiere and the LUTs should now be permanently available in the “Looks” dropdown. Technical, which contains the LUTs that appear in the “Input LUT” dropdown in the “Basic Correction” section of Lumetri Color.Legacy, which also contains LUTs that show up in that dropdown.Creative, which contains the LUTs that appear in the “Looks” dropdown.In this folder, you will see three folders: In the folder you opened, right click on the application “Adobe Premiere Pro CC 2017” and select “Show Package Contents.” Then navigate to Contents/Lumetri/LUTs. Open Finder and go to /Applications/Adobe Premiere Pro CC 2017. Copy the file or files to your clipboard. I went for the DeLUTS Free LUT.ĭownload, unzip, and find the. Here is a PremiumBeat article with some options. cube files directly into the application directory and have them show up in the “Looks” dropdown of the “Creative” section of the Lumetri Color effect.ĭownload some LUTs. Instead of having to “wash” LUTs with SpeedGrade, you can put. The top search result for “How to install LUTs in Premiere Mac” is this outdated article.Īs it stands now with Premiere Pro CC 2017, the process to install LUTs on a Mac is much simpler than the above article says it is. Note: When you close Filmora and then open it again at another time, the LUTs will still be in the list.How to Install LUTs in Premiere Pro CC | Blog - Adam Vigneaux How to Install LUTs in Premiere Pro CC Follow step 2, and then open the folder that has the LUTs you just copied.Then drop your Input/Corrective or Creative LUTs there.Navigate to ProgramData > Wondershare Filmora > Installed Effects.Go to the drive where you have Filmora installed.Follow steps 1 - 3 as you would do for Premiere, but for Media Encoder instead. Note: If you don't want to install the LUTs, you can just use them by doing steps 4 - 7, then you'll see 'Browse', click that, navigate to where you downloaded the LUTs, select one, then that's it.ĭo make sure that you import the LUT to Adobe Media Encoder as well, so that when you render your video, the LUTs will be applied at export too. ![]() I recommend adding LUTs to Adjustments Layers so that you can apply the LUT to multiple clips at once. In 'Lumetri Color' panel click 'Creative' to open it.Navigate to Program Files > Adobe > Adobe Premiere Pro > Lumetri > LUTs > Creative.You'll see the LUTs in the dropdown list.In 'Lumetri Color' panel click 'Basic Correction' to open it.Then drop your Input/Corrective LUTs there.Navigate to Program Files > Adobe > Adobe Premiere Pro > Lumetri > LUTs > Technical.Go to the drive where you have Premiere Pro installed.look so no matter what editing software you use, as long as it supports either of those two file types you can install and use the LUTs - they're not just for Premiere Pro and Filmora.įirst, download the LUTs and unzip the folder, then open the folder and copy the folder that has all the LUTs in it. These instructions are for Windows/PC but the LUTs will also work on MAC/iOS. ![]() ![]() Perennial and spring-planted bulb orders will arrive separately from seeds. Perennials and spring-planted bulbs are shipped at the proper planting time for your hardiness zone. Please open upon receipt and follow the instructions included. All perennials and spring-planted bulbs are packaged to withstand shipping and are fully-guaranteed. The ‘Plant Information’ section describes how that item will ship. Some perennials are shipped as potted plants, some as perennial roots packed in peat. You will receive a second email the day your order ships telling you how it has been sent. It tends to go dormant without moisture, so the best appearance is preserved with weekly watering, especially those plants in containers.īluestem grass is a remarkably adaptable and attractive addition to the home landscape as long as you are aware of its invasive potential.As soon as your order is placed you will receive a confirmation email. The plant needs supplemental water in early establishment stages, but thereafter is quite self-sufficient except in severe drought. It needs no nitrogen application the first year, but in subsequent years will benefit from a high nitrogen fertilizer application in spring. Sow the seed in spring or plant plugs for quicker establishment. There are no serious pest or disease threats to little bluestem plants. In container situations, this means you will need to divide the plant annually to prevent overcrowding and the take-over of the container. The plants also grow side shoots which can be divided from the parent and transplanted. The only way to prevent this is to cut off the seed heads before they mature, but this reduces some of the visual appeal. The seeds establish easily after spring rains wash them into the soil, which means the unwary gardener may find little bluestem in lawns and other areas where it is not wanted. The grass’s fluffy seed heads are an added attraction to this colorful plant but they freely disperse in wind and, when disrupted, send floating seeds to all corners of the garden. Considerations when growing little bluestem grass Seeds and plugs make growing little bluestem grass in the landscape easy, and they are available where wild plants are sold. It is a forage grass in native regions for wild grazers and other animals. The leaves are flat with slightly hairy bases and tend to roll up at maturity. It prefers warm regions where there are rocky outcrops or dry gritty soil but is also found as transition material between cultivated land and forest. Its color deepens to rusty mahogany in fall and the clumps persist through much of the winter unless crushed by snow. This 3 foot (1 m.) tall bunchgrass grows a foot (31 cm.) in diameter. As an added bonus, songbirds and gamebirds enjoy the seeds and it provides cover for foraging wildlife. Growing little bluestem grass in the landscape as an ornamental foliage plant provides a dimensional and architectural foil for broad leaved and flowering plants. It is a perennial warm-season grass with pretty bluish green color followed by rust colored fall foliage and fluffy white seed heads. Schizachyrium scoparium is the botanical name for little bluestem plant. Read on for little bluestem information so you can decide if this interesting plant is right for your landscape. It is a prolific self-seeder and can become invasive with little bluestem in lawns a major competitor to traditional turf grass. It is found in many types of soil but is particularly adapted to well-drained, nearly infertile soil which makes it an excellent erosion barrier. Little bluestem plant is a native grass to North America. Continued abuse of our services will cause your IP address to be blocked indefinitely. Please fill out the CAPTCHA below and then click the button to indicate that you agree to these terms. If you wish to be unblocked, you must agree that you will take immediate steps to rectify this issue. If you do not understand what is causing this behavior, please contact us here. If you promise to stop (by clicking the Agree button below), we'll unblock your connection for now, but we will immediately re-block it if we detect additional bad behavior. Overusing our search engine with a very large number of searches in a very short amount of time.Using a badly configured (or badly written) browser add-on for blocking content.Running a "scraper" or "downloader" program that either does not identify itself or uses fake headers to elude detection.Using a script or add-on that scans GameFAQs for box and screen images (such as an emulator front-end), while overloading our search engine.of Kirkenes observed about 700 square kilometres of blackened wasteland. 4 level 2 LeeTheLurker 1y It still exists now. Kirkenes have reported that warnings of radioactive fall out were there. Logbook Radioactive Mushrooms Repeater Unit Tinkers Finger Antibiotics. level 1 Rdsbvhj 1y Comrade Before seeing the picture I hoped it was going to be a mushroom with eyes, I liked collecting those before they were removed, even though they were so common. There is no official GameFAQs app, and we do not support nor have any contact with the makers of these unofficial apps. Wasteland 2 is a post-apocalyptic role-playing video game released in 2014 and. The guide to Wasteland 2 includes an extensive walkthrough and advice that will help you learn everything there is to know about this game. Continued use of these apps may cause your IP to be blocked indefinitely. This guide for Wasteland 2 is a complete walkthrough for the main story mode, as well as of all the side quests. This triggers our anti-spambot measures, which are designed to stop automated systems from flooding the site with traffic. Some unofficial phone apps appear to be using GameFAQs as a back-end, but they do not behave like a real web browser does. Mushrooms That Absorb Radioactive Cesium 137 and Other Radionuclides The lingering effects of the Chernobyl nuclear catastrophe in 1986 in Ukraine continue to affect entire eco-systems in Europe.Using GameFAQs regularly with these browsers can cause temporary and even permanent IP blocks due to these additional requests. If you are using the Brave browser, or have installed the Ghostery add-on, these programs send extra traffic to our servers for every page on the site that you browse, then send that data back to a third party, essentially spying on your browsing habits.We strongly recommend you stop using this browser until this problem is corrected. The latest version of the Opera browser sends multiple invalid requests to our servers for every page you visit.The most common causes of this issue are: Your IP address has been temporarily blocked due to a large number of HTTP requests. The event commemorates the Soviet Union's victory over Nazi Germany in World War II. More than 10,000 people and 125 units of weapons and military equipment are set to be involved in the procession through Red Square in the Russian capital on Tuesday. Russian President Vladimir Putin said in a speech as Moscow's annual Victory Day parade got underway in Moscow that "real war is being waged against our Motherland." The first three are now in the European Union Ukraine wishes to join the EU and NATO and a high degree of insecurity is pervading Moldova and Georgia amid fears that they could also be in Moscow's sights as it seemingly looks to reaffirm its power and influence over its former Soviet neighbors. Other former Soviet republics include Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia. That's because his father Heydar Aliyev is celebrating his 100th birthday in Azerbaijan. Technically, the only other leader of a post-Soviet state that is considered "friendly" to Russia who did not attend was Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev, she noted. President of Turkmenistan Serdar Berdimuhamedov President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev Prime Minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan ![]() President of Kazakhstan Kasymzhomart Tokayev Here's the list of foreign leaders attending the Victory Day Parade in Moscow today, compiled by NBC's Tatyana Chistikova. She counted seven leaders of former Soviet republics (there were 15 Soviet republics in the Soviet Union, including Russia) in attendance today. Yuriy Sak, an adviser to Ukraine's defense minister, told Reuters that Kyiv had no concrete information about the British-led effort to supply long-range missiles, but that Ukraine has been consistently appealing to Western governments for long-range weapons. The notice said companies that responded would be contacted from June 5.Ī British official told Reuters no final decision had been made to send missiles with these capabilities to Ukraine. The call for responses from companies that could supply such missiles was posted last week by the International Fund for Ukraine, a group that includes Britain, Norway, the Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden, according to Reuters.īritain's Ministry of Defence administers the fund and asked companies to get in touch if they could provide missiles with a range of up to 300 km (190 miles) that can carry a payload of between 20 and 490 kg (44 and 1,078 pounds). Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has said Russia is intensifying its attacks out of frustration that several Ukrainian cities have not fallen to Russian troops and the Kremlin needs to "sell" results to its society.Ī British-led group of European countries is soliciting companies that can supply Ukraine with long-range missiles that can be launched from land, sea or air, Reuters reported. Russia has launched a wave of attacks on Ukrainian cities Kyiv, Odesa and Kherson in the last few days and Kyiv was targeted with more strikes overnight. Victory Day parades have been canceled in a number of places in Russia. Security concerns are also high on the Kremlin's watchlist this year, particularly after a recent alleged drone attack on the Kremlin. This year is expected to be a smaller affair, however, with the ongoing war in Ukraine involving much of Russia's military personnel and hardware. Moscow usually uses the high-profile event in Moscow to show off its military hardware, parading massive missile launchers, battle tanks and troops through Red Square as Russian President Vladimir Putin and military generals look on. Personal Loans for 670 Credit Score or LowerĪll eyes are on Russia's Victory Day parade on Tuesday, an annual event marking the Soviet Union's victory over Nazi Germany in 1945. Personal Loans for 580 Credit Score or Lower Best Debt Consolidation Loans for Bad Credit ![]() I imagine that he passed by Lazarus so many times that he eventually got to the point that he didn't even see him at all. But every day the Rich man passed by Lazarus without even giving him a thought. you can create suitable word searches for children in kindergarten, all the way up to. He was hoping that the rich man might have pity on him and that he might be able to satisfy his hunger with the leftovers from the rich man's table. Lazarus was hungry and his body was covered with sores. A beggar named Lazarus lay outside the rich man's gate. Jesus told a story about a rich man who wore the finest clothes and lived in luxury. That is what happened in our Bible story today. When they finally wake up, they find out that it is too late. ![]() This certainly is true of this crossword puzzle about Martha’s desire for Mary to help her with housework and Jesus’ praise of Mary for listening carefully to His teaching. Other related activities can be accessed via the links below. You can also see a list of the types of free, printable Bible activities we provide on the site that may be helpful. about the different names for Jesus in the Bible and then find them in the puzzle. As children work crossword puzzles based on Bible stories, they come to understand elements of the stories so much better. This Jesus Raised Lazarus From the Dead Jigsaw Puzzle will help kids learn about the story as well as Jesus’ power over death and His destiny as the Passover Lamb. The second problem is that if you keep hitting the snooze alarm, you may get so used to the sound of the alarm that you don’t even hear it at all and you will sleep right through the alarm.ĭid you know that God sometimes sounds a "wake up" alarm in our lives? He speaks to our heart and says, "It is time to wake up and follow me." Some people hit the snooze button and say, "Not now Lord, call me again - a little bit later." Some people hit that "snooze button" so many times that they get to where they don’t even hear God’s voice. A list of our entire kidss collection of exercises, games, stories. The first is that if you keep on hitting the snooze alarm, you may be late or miss out on something completely. 46K views 2 years ago Lazarus KidsBibleStories SundaySchool. Maybe it is nice to get that exra sleep, but there are two problems with snooze alarms. Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead: Animated Bible Story for Kids - John 11 - Sunday School Lesson. You can just keep on doing this and go right on sleeping. In about ten minutes, the alarm will go off again. When your alarm goes off, you can hit that button and go back to sleep. The questions are written reading verse by verse. Each game is created with a graphic based on the lesson. The Big Mouth Review Games are a fun, different way to review the lesson. Do you use an alarm clock to wake you up in the morning? A lot of alarm clocks have a button on them called a snooze alarm. Please use the SEARCH Bar to find the specific lesson of Bible event you are looking for. ![]() ![]() The Members Show, The Light Factory / Charlotte, NC The Photography Show at AIPAD, Rick Wester Fine Art / New York, NY Design between man and machine,* traveling exhibition, The Design Museum Gent, Gent, Belgium Austrian Museum of Applied Arts, Contemporary Art, Vienna, Austria Vitra Design Museum, Weil am Rhein, GermanyĪs Entertaining As Possible, Testbed 2 Cultural Creative Park / Chongqing, ChinaĪctual Size: Exploring the Photographic Contact Print, Cassilhaus / Chapel Hill, NC Design between man and machine, Gewerbemuseum Winterthur / Switzerland INTERFACE, NEO:gallery / Greater Manchester, UK Zenith Nadir, Smart Series Gallery / Charlotte, NC I to Eye, Israel Museum / Jerusalem, Israel Design between man and machine, San Telmo Museoa / San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spainĭiapositive, Cassilhaus / Chapel Hill, NC Time After Time, QUAID Gallery / Tampa, FL The Space Between, Julie Saul Gallery / New York, NY New Blood: Recent Discoveries from the Cassilhaus Collection, Cassilhaus Gallery / Chapel Hill, NC Design between man and machine, Museum of Art, Architecture and Technology / Lisbon, Portugal Design between man and machine, V&A Dundee / Dundee, Scotland The Qualities of LIGHT: The Story of a Pioneering New York City Photography Gallery / The Center for Creative Photography / Tucson, AZ #3 / Durham, NCĪmericans Looking In, Center for Book Arts / New York, NY Removed, John and June Allcott Gallery / Chapel Hill, NCĮndec - Off the Radar, Golden Belt Studios bldg. The Merchandise Revolt / Lianzhou Foto Festival / Lianzhou, ChinaĬonstructing Archives, The Carrack / Durham, NC Removed, Rick Wester Fine Art / New York, NY NoShow, The Médiathéque / Mérignac Photo Festival / France Removed, World Economic Forum ASEAN Summit / Hanoi, Vietnam Removed, Lookup Pop Up, Palette Gallery / San Francisco, CA Removed, Hillsboro Brookwood Library / Hillsboro, Oregon Removed, ART SOUTERRAIN, Montreal Quebec, Canada Eric has exhibited and presented his work internationally at institutions, galleries, and art fairs such as The North Carolina Museum of Art, Pantheon-Sorbonne University, The Ackland Art Museum, Rick Wester Fine Art, Pulse Art Fair Miami, AIPAD, and many more. The work Eric makes is often about photography as he explores the psychological and social effects that cameras and their artifacts have on individuals and societies as a whole. Between 20 Eric taught high school in Charlotte, NC via Teach for America. His passion for teaching and image making allows him to see the connections that the two share. Eric received a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree with a concentration in Fine Art Photography from Columbia College Chicago in 2011. He was born in Homestead, Florida in 1986 and spent his teenage years in Charlotte, North Carolina. He received a Master of Fine Arts degree at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 2015. Eric Pickersgill is a full time artist, husband, and father working in North Carolina. Some studies showed that older adults with chronic disease and their family caregivers experienced more psychological distress, such as depression, anxiety and sleep problems ( 16– 18). Older adults had a higher risk of COVID-19 infection and mortality rate than other individuals, which can detriment their mental health ( 14, 15). Older adults were required to stay at home, it increases the caregiving load ( 12) and exacerbates generational family conflict with caregivers ( 13). With the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine was considered as a protective strategy and has a radical impact on older adults' lifestyle ( 11). This brings the multiple burdens to family caregivers, including objective burdens (caregiving-related negative things and changes in physical health and behavior) and subjective burdens (emotional reactions such as anxiety, worry, frustration, and fatigue) ( 10). Family members are main providers of care for the Chinese older adults ( 8, 9). ![]() In China, older adults are generally living with spouse and/or children, which provides material, emotional, and other supports to older adults and promote interaction with family members ( 7). Owing to the Chinese traditional Confucian contexts, China places a great importance on respecting and caring for older adults, as well as an old age of want. Mental health problems not only worsened older adults' quality of life and social function, but also increased caregiver burden. In addition, over half of older adults worldwide experienced trouble sleeping, and 20 to 40% reported insomnia ( 6). According to former findings, the current and lifetime prevalence rates of anxiety disorders among older adults were 14.2 and 30.0%, respectively ( 5). Similarly, a systematic review showed that the point prevalence of late-life mild depression varies from 0 to 18.6% ( 4). A meta-analysis of older people in Europe and North America illustrated a lifetime prevalence of major depression of 16.5% ( 3). Sleep disturbance, depressive and anxiety disorders are relatively prevalent psychiatric conditions in late life. China is already amongst the aging societies and the burden of diseases has subsequently risen as a result ( 2). Consequently, healthcare providers might consider involving dyads when designing programs to reduce insomnia and improve psychological distress for family caregivers.Ĭhina bears a heavy burden of disease due to its large population of older adults aged 65 or more, which accounts for 13.5% of the total population ( 1). However, the caregivers' depression and anxiety were not associated with older adults' insomnia symptoms in the APIM analyses.Ĭonclusions: Older adults and their caregivers had an interrelationship between psychological distress and insomnia. Actor effects were also found between anxiety and insomnia symptoms in both older adults and caregivers (B = 0.825, P < 0.001 B = 0.751, P < 0.001, respectively), with one significant partner effects (B = 0.097, P = 0.004). Actor effects were found between depression and insomnia symptoms in both older adults and caregivers (B = 0.695, P < 0.001 B = 0.547, P < 0.001, respectively), with one significant partner effects (B = 0.080, P = 0.007). Results: Older adults' and caregivers' depression and anxiety had significant positive correlations with their own and their caregivers' insomnia symptoms (all P < 0.001). Actor-Partner Interdependence Models (APIM) were used to determine whether anxiety or depression symptoms predicted individual or dyadic insomnia. ![]() ![]() The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder module 7 (GAD-7), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to measure depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms. Methods: Data were collected from 1,507 pairs of older adults and their caregivers who were in the Guangdong Mental Health Survey in China. 3Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaĪims: This study aimed to explore the dyadic effects of depression and anxiety on insomnia symptoms in Chinese older adults and their caregivers living in a community setting. ![]() 2Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.1Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.Kai-Rong Ding 1,2 †, Wen-Qi Xu 1 †, Yong-Yi He 1,2, Jia-Hui Hu 1,2, Wen-Yan Tan 1, Jing Liao 3, Cai-Lan Hou 1, Fu-Jun Jia 1,2 * and Shi-Bin Wang 1 * |